ABSTRACT
SARS-CoV-2, like other RNA viruses, is susceptible to genetic evolution, with mutations forming over time, resulting in mutant strains with differing characteristics from the original strains. With so many variants discovered the CDC and WHO created its own classification system for SARS-CoV-2 variants, dividing them into variants of concern (VOCs) and variants of interest (VOIs). Convalescent plasma, antiviral medicines, dexamethasone, monoclonal antibodies, and immuno modulators, which are currently available to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection, could help manage SARS-CoV-2 infection, although their effectiveness is limited. COVID-19 vaccines have been created in a variety of techniques, all of which are briefly discussed in this article. The development of affordable and effective oral anti-COVID-19 drugs along with increased vaccination uptake, will go a long way toward not just reducing COVID-19's progression but also bringing hope for the end of this devastating pandemic caused by Covid 19. The rationale of this study is to give a comparison of the many Covid strains that exist around the world.
ABSTRACT
The recent COVID-19 pandemic has impacted most life domains significantly, including education, travel, socializing, travel planning, and lifestyle and so on. The pandemic wave has not only affected upon the lockdown induced stress but also induced its psychological consequences. Relationship between tobacco smoking and vaping has mixed epidemiological evidence. However, pandemic has affected people's belief towards tobacco and smoking and vaping behavior and their intentions.The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a greater intent of quitting amongst individuals to the quit line. Deterioration of mental health and psychosocial well-being are directly linked to increased smoking behaviour. Smoking cigarettes or vaping was described as an alternative to cope up with the stress and boredom, also as a self-relevant health threat and an easy-to-break social or situational habit. Whereas some participants were widely concerned about the associated health risk with COVID-19 to quit or reduce smoking or vaping. Experts are worried that the pandemic has interrupted decades of progress in minimizing tobacco use even as smoking increases the risk of severe COVID.The rational of this review is to assess the effect of change in the attitude of community towards cigarette smoking and vaping after COVID-19 pandemic. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has impacted most life domains significantly, including education, travel, socializing, travel planning, and lifestyle and so on. The pandemic wave has not only affected upon the lockdown induced stress but also induced its psychological consequences. Relationship between tobacco smoking and vaping has mixed epidemiological evidence. However, pandemic has affected people's belief towards tobacco and smoking and vaping behavior and their intentions. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a greater intent of quitting amongst individuals to the quit line. Deterioration of mental health and psychosocial well-being are directly linked to increased smoking behaviour. Smoking cigarettes or vaping was described as an alternative to cope up with the stress and boredom, also as a self-relevant health threat and an easy-to-break social or situational habit. Whereas some participants were widely concerned about the associated health risk with COVID-19 to quit or reduce smoking or vaping. Experts are worried that the pandemic has interrupted decades of progress in minimizing tobacco use even as smoking increases the risk of severe COVID. The rational of this review is to assess the effect of change in the attitude of community towards cigarette smoking and vaping after COVID-19 pandemic.
ABSTRACT
The ongoing Covid 19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, has undeniably posed a severe threat to global health. The SARS-CoV-2 is detected by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. RT-PCR is considered to be the gold standard diagnostic test for Covid 19, but due to certain limitations of RT-PCR, imaging has now emerged as a valuable complementary aid. Many CT findings are commonly seen in Covid 19, which might effectively help in diagnostic decision making, however it is important to note, that these findings are not specific for Covid 19. In this review, we discuss the currently available clinical and radiological scoring systems and comment on applicability.